Present Tense, Past Tense, Future Tense ( Detail Study )

 

                        TENSES

Topics Covered:

•Definition,

•Parts,

•Description of each part,

•Examples,

•Structure,

•Exercises.

The word 'Tense' laterally mean 'time'.   Verb that tell us when an action takes/took/will take place are called Tenses. These verb forms indicate a particular point in time or a period of time in the Present, Past or Future. 

1- PRESENT TENSE:

▪︎ Simple Present tense,

▪︎ Present Continuous Tense,

▪︎ Present Perfect Tense,

▪︎ Present Perfect Continuous Tense. 

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE- Is used •when you refer to reported actions or habits. Example- I brush my teeth every morning. 

•When you refer to something that exists in the present time. Example- My Aunty works in a school.

•When you refer to universal truths.

Example- God is everywhere. 

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE- Is used •when you refer to something happening at the time of Speaking. 

Example- Your father is working in his office. 

•For an action that is planned to take place in the near future. Example- I am planning to go to Mumbai this weekend. 

•When you refer to temporary situations not happening at the time of Speaking. Example- I am writing a novel.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE- Is used 

•When you refer to personal experiences that have taken place. Example- They have taken their classes. 

•When you refer to action that have recently been completed. Example- Maria has cleaned her room.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE- Is used 

• For those actions, that have just now completed. Example- The boys have been playing cricket. ( now they aren't playing).

•For an action that began in the past and still going on, at the time of Speaking. Example- Mintra has been singing. ( she is still singing  ).

2- PAST TENSE:

▪︎ Simple Past Tense,

▪︎Past Continuous Tense,

▪︎Past Perfect Tense,

▪︎Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE- Is used

•When you refer to things that happened in the past. Example- She bought a dress yesterday. 

•When you refer to a past habit. Example- He always saw a movie at night.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE- Is used

•When you refer to things that were going on at a particular time in the past. Example- We were sitting in the lawn this morning. 

•When an action was interrupted by another action. The longer action is in the past Continuous and the shorter is in the simple past tense. Example- While she was sleeping, the courier boy came.

PAST PERFECT TENSE- Is used

•When you refer to a past action, which occurred before another action took place. Example- She had reached the hall, after I left it.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE- Is used 

• When you refer to an action, that was completed or still continuing at the time of speaking. Example- The boys had been playing cricket. 

3- FUTURE TENSE:

▪︎ Simple Future Tense,

▪︎Future Continuous Tense,

▪︎Future Perfect Tense,

▪︎Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE- Is used

•When we refer to things that will happen in the future. Example- We will go for a movie next week.

•When we make a promise, want to Warn we want to predict something. Example- I will help you in maths.(promise ).

You will get hurt, if you play with scissors. (warning ).

Our school will win the competition. (prediction ).

NOTE: Generally 'shall' is used with the 

first person - I and We, and 'will's with the second-you, and third person- he,she,they,etc. 

( But in case of promise, command the position changes. )

•With the first person 'will' denotes promise, determination, intention. 

Example- I will always stand by you. (promise).

We will fight to the finish. (determination).

I will not tell a lie.( intention).

WHEREAS with the 'second' and 'third' person 'shall' denotes warning, threat, command, promise etc.

Example- You shall not tell a lie.  (Command).

If you stand first, you shall be given a prize.(promise).

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE- Is used • When we refer to an action, that is in progress at some stated time in the future. Example- I will be giving my exams next week.

•When we refer to future events that are planned. Example- My brother will be coming next month.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE- Is used 

•When we refer to an action, that is expected to be completed by a certain time in future. Example- The train will have left by the time, you reach the station. 

•When we have to say something that will already be complete. Example- We are late. The snow will already have begun by the time, he reach the home.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE- Is used 

•When we refer to actions, which will hold in the future time period. Example- We shall have been singing in the concert.

                       STRUCTURES 

1- Simple Present, Past and Future Tense

Ex. I write a letter.(present)

       I wrote a letter. (Past)

       I shall write a letter. (future)

2- Present, Past, Future Continuous Tense

Sub.+is/am/are+ing form of the verb. 

Reena is washing her clothes. 

Sub.+was/were+ing form of the verb. 

He was waiting for me.

Shall/will+be+ing form of the verb. 

The train will be arriving soon.

3- Present, Past, Future Perfect Tense

Sub.+ has/have+3rd form of the verb.

Bunty has finished his work. 

Sub.+ had+3rd form of the verb.

She had reached the hall, after I left it 

Shall/will+have+3rd form of the verb.

By next week, I shall have finished this story.

4-PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE- 

Sub.+has/have been+ing form of the verb. 

She has been singing. 

Sub.+had been+ing form of the verb. 

The boys had been playing cricket. 

Shall/will+have been+ing form of the verb. 

We shall have been singing in the competition. 

                          EXERCISES 

Fill in the blanks using the Present Perfect, Past Perfect or Future Perfect forms of the verb given in the brackets. 

1- I................on the couch last night.(sleep)

2- She ..........the entire evening.(dance)

3- He .........to join us for a cup of coffee. (decide)

4- He.......the book you gave him.(read)

5- Anam.......by the two o'clock train.(arrive)

NOTE:

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