Punctuation

 

                     Punctuation 

CONTENT: 

1-Definition,

2-Note,

3-Examples,

4-Punctuation mark,

5-Points to Remember.

Punctuation help the readers to understand the proper connection between parts of a sentence. OR Punctuation provides instructions on the basic rules of using a comma, colon, capitals, full stop, semicolon, ellipses, apostrophe and writing numbers. 

NOTE: 

If the punctuation is used incorrectly, then it changes the meaning of the sentence completely. 

Examples:

Abdullah says, "Jim is outside ".

( here Abdullah is the speaker )

"Abdullah", says Jim, "is outside".

( here Jim is the speaker )

PUNCTUATION MARKS:

1-Full Stop (•) is used                                 ▪︎at the end of a sentence. 

 Example- I went out yesterday. 

 We went for a walk in the morning. 

▪︎For abbreviations.

Example- N.A. ( Not Applicable )

▪︎after initial letters.

Example- Mr.M.K.Siddiqui 

2-Comma (,) is used

▪︎to separate a list of words. 

Example- She bought some pens, pencils etc.

▪︎to mark off the person or persons, being addressed. 

Example- Raj,go and bring me a pen.

▪︎to separate a pair of words.

Example- We ran helter-skelter, when we saw the fire.

▪︎ they are also used to show shorter pauses than a semicolon (;) or a full stop. We usually put a comma between two main clauses, before but, and or, but only if the second clause has a subject.

Example- She was an intelligent, young lady.

3-Capital Letters (A, G, F) are used 

▪︎to begin a sentence 

Example- This is the place we chose.

▪︎For titles and proper names

Example- The President of India will come tomorrow. 

▪︎ For 'I' and the Interjection 'O'

Example- If I do not come, go without me.

O Sanjana! Come here.

▪︎ Days and months are always written in capital letters. 

Example- Today is Monday. 

In the month of November, they will come home.

4-Inverted Commas ( " " ) are used

▪︎put before and after Direct Speech 

Example- "Come here", said the teacher. 

▪︎for titles of literary works, names of newspapers, magazines, buildings etc.

Example- "The Road Not Taken " by Robert Frost

"The times of India" is available everywhere. 

5-Exclamation mark (!) is used

▪︎after an exclamation or Interjection

Example- Wow! What a beautiful dress.

Oh no! I have lost my keys again.

▪︎after a striking thought absurd statement 

Example- I wish to fly like a bird!

I've got an idea!

6-Question mark (?) is used

▪︎at the end of a sentence that ask questions.

Example- How often do you visit your doctor?

Which train is late?

7-Apostrophe ( 's or s' ) is used

▪︎are used in the possessive form of nouns and short forms or contraction.

Example- Sanjana's house ( singular  )

Sanjana is singular so the apostrophe is before 's

The puppies' food ( plural )

Puppies are plural so the apostrophe is after the s'.

Children's books, women's hostel

( children and women are plurals not ending in s ) so apostrophe is put before ('s )

8-The Colon (:) is used

▪︎ after the independent clause and before the word, phrase, sentence, and Quotation.

Example- Rami had only one thing in her mind: her career.

9- The Semi-Colon (;) is used

▪︎between two main clauses, when the second main clause is not linked grammatically to the first.

Example- The father and his son start work at every morning; they get up early because there is always a lot to do.

10-Ellipses (....) is used

▪︎when you are quoting material, and you want to omit some words.

Example- The ceremony honoured some.......from India.

POINTS TO REMEMBER:

▪︎Punctuation marks the proper connection between parts of a sentence. 

▪︎Apostrophe is used differently with singular and plural. 

▪︎Inverted commas(" ") are used in Direct speech to quote the exact words of the speaker. 

▪︎Capital letters ( A, G, F ) are always used whenever a sentence begins.

▪︎Apostrophe (') is used to indicate an omission of one or more letters from the spelling of the word as well.

Like, even - e'en

          It is - it's, 'tis

          do not - don't

          Shall not - Shan't

          did not - didn't 

           I will - I'll

NOTE:

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