History Of Telangana

 

      History Of Telangana 

Telangana has been the homeland for Sathavahanas and Kakatiyas. The region experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiyas, which is the telugu dynasty that ruled most parts of what is now called Andhra Pradesh, from 1083 CE to 1323. During the reign of Ganapatideva, Golkonda fort was first constructed by the Kakatiyas. 

Telangana, then came under Muslim rule in the 14th century for the first time by Delhi Sultanate followed by Bahamanis, Qutub Shahis and Moghals. The Muslim Asafijahi dynasty established a separate state known as Hyderabad. 

Creation of Andhra State-

While Hyderabad state came into existence on its own which included Telangana in 1948, Telgu-speaking Andhra region was a part of Madras presidency.

This region became independent on August 15, 1947 along with the rest of India as Madras Presidency. 

Fearing that most of the newly created jobs and opportunities would be taken up by Tamils since they were more educated and had access to opportunities, Andhra people started a protest.

The recommendations given to New Delhi suggested that Madras will belong to Tamils and not to Andhra people.

New Delhi approved for creation of a new state called Andhra on 1st October 1953 for the people of Andhra region carved out of erstwhile Madras Presidency. 

One of the misconceptions that are flouted nowadays is that Potti Sriramulu fought for a greater and unified Vishalandhra comprising all Telgu people under one state. There is no truth in this at all.

He had infact fought for local demands for his own people of Andhra region and not Telangana people. 

Hyderabad state was created in 1948, Andhra in 1953.

Their capital city was was an unknown city Kurnool. They ( Hyderabad and Andhra ) were still searching for a much needed capital City that can rival Madras.

It should be known that Hyderabad was a very famous city in the world already. 

It was considered the second most important City in the muslim world where one of the world's richest men resided.

It was known for architecture marvels and international businesses. It was the biggest princely state in India who had direct access to British crown.

People of Andhra now caught a new slogan to create a new state for all telgu people, including people of Telangana. 

Post Independence History Of Telangana-

•When India became Independent from the British empire, The Nizam of Hyderabad wanted Hyderabad state to remain independent under the special provisions given to princely state.

• This resulted in rebellion, which was Started throughout the state against the Nizam's rule and his army known as the Razakars.

• The Razakars, led by his chief , Qasim Rizvi, massacred many people and rebels to suppress the movement, but in vain.

• Then the government of India annexed Hyderabad state on 17th September, 1948, by taking the help of Indian army. This operation was called Operation Polo.

• The central government appointed a civil servant Vellodi Narayana Menon K, as the First Chief Minister of Hyderabad state in the year 1950.

• In 1952, Telangana had tested democracy for the first time when it participated in general elections and elected Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao as the Chief Minister of Hyderabad state.

Interferance-

• This period saw a huge influx of Andhra people into this region taking up all the new positions that the new India was throwing open to its people. 

• With the pretext that people of Telangana were not educated in English and Telgu, the positions were filled up by people of Andhra region. 

• Also, there was a lot of clash in businessmen from Andhra who had sold off their lands and assets in Andhra and set up business in Telangana region.

Mulki Rule Emerged-

• The Nizam set up schools, colleges, madarsas and a university that imparted education in Urdu.

• Nizam managed the conflicts that could arise between these regions by implementing "Mulki Rules ".

• Mulki Rules provide 80% reservation for local people in all recruitments for C and D posts at district level and 60% reservation for local people in class A and B posts at divisional level.

• The mulki rule came into existence in the year 1928.

Telangana & Andhra Merged-

• In December 1953, the states Reorganization Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines.

• The states Reorganization Commission was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana and Andhra state, despite the common language that they share.

• The people of Telangana also feared that planned irrigation projects on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefit Telangana proportionately even though people of Telangana controlled the headwaters of the rivers.

• It was also feared that the people of Andhra, who had access to higher education under the British rule, would have an unfair advantage in seeking Government and Educational jobs.

• The chief minister of Hyderabad state, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, expressed his views that a majority of Telangana people were against this merger.

• However, on 1st November, 1956 the central government established a unified Andhra Pradesh. 

• The agreement provided reassurance to Telangana in terms of power sharing as well as administrative rule and distribution of expenses of different regions.

Telangana State Movement-

• In the years, after the formation of Andhra Pradesh, people of Telangana expressed dissatisfaction over how the agreements and guarantees were implemented. 

• As a result, defectors from the Congress, led by M. Chennai Reddy, founded the Telangana people's Association. 

• In 1971, in parliament elections Telangana Praja Samiti won 10 out of 14 Parliament seats in Telangana. 

• Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi was strongly against the division of the state but on her recommendation, P.V. Narasimha Rao became first chief minister of Andhra Pradesh from Telangana on 30th September, 1971.

•But he had to resign as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh on 10th January, 1973.

Then President's rule was declared. 

Movement In 1990 To 2004-

• BJP created Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Uttarakhand states in the year 2000 as promised. But it could not create a separate Telangana state. 

• In another development, a new party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi or TRS led by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekhar Rao also known as KCR was formed with the single point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state, with Hyderabad as its capital. 

• In the last 50 years, Telangana could not be honoured and it was forced to remain neglected, exploited and backward. 

• In 2004, Congress came to power in the state and formed a coalition government at the centre. TRS joined the coalition government in the year 2004 and was successful in making a separate Telangana state a part of the common minimum program of the coalition government. 

• In September, 2006, TRS withdrew support from the Congress at the grounds of alleged indecision by the government over the delivery of its electoral promise to create Telangana. 

• The TRS continued to pressure for the creation of a Telangana state in the year 2008.

• In February 2009, the state government declared that it had no objection, to the formation of separate Telangana state and the time had come to take this issue seriously. 

• In 2009 in general elections in India, all the major parties in Andhra Pradesh supported the formation of Telangana state.

• The BJP again announced that they would create two more states, Telangana and Gorkhaland, if they won the election. 

• On 29th November, 2009, The TRS President, Mr. KCR Started a fast - unto- death demanding that the Congress party introduce a Telangana bill in the Parliament. 

• He was arrested by the government of Andhra Pradesh. 

• Student organizations, employees unions and various other organizations joined the movement. 

State Formation-

To Conclude, Telangana Movement is seven years of people's movement for the creation of a new state namely Telangana. The Union cabinet on 7th February 2014, unilaterally cleared the bill for the creation of Telangana. On 18th February, Lok Sabha passed the bill with Voice majority, subsequently, the bill was also passed by Rajya Sabha on 20th February 2014. 

BILL: Hyderabad will be the capital of Telangana while the city would also remain the capital of residual state of Andhra Pradesh for no more than 10 years. The appointed day for the creation of Telangana state is 2nd June 2014.

Telangana Movement look book:

• 1997- Telangana issue resurfaces with BJP passing a resolution. A year later, the party's Lok Sabha poll slogan is "One vote, two states".

• 2001- K Chandrashekhar Rao launches TRS for separate Telangana state. 

• December 2009- Union Home Minister, P Chidambaram , announces the center's decision to initiate the process of a Telangana state.

• 2013- Union cabinet approved proposal of bifurcated AP.

• December 2013- Again Union cabinet approved draft AP Reorganization bill, 2013. Bill referred to AP legislature for its views.

• January 30, 2014- AP legislature, by voice vote, rejects the bill.

• March 1st, 2014- Bill receives assent of President. 

• June 2nd, 2014- The 29th state of India was born.

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